diff --git a/toonz/sources/CMakeLists.txt b/toonz/sources/CMakeLists.txt
index 3010fae..7e7ae24 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/toonz/sources/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ if(WIN32)
     endif()
     set(QT_LIB_PATH ${QT_PATH})
     set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "${QT_PATH}/lib/cmake/")
+    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} /wd4251")
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} /wd4251")
     add_definitions(-DVC_EXTRALEAN -DNOMINMAX -D_USE_MATH_DEFINES)
 elseif(APPLE)
     message("Apple System")
diff --git a/toonz/sources/colorfx/regionstyles.cpp b/toonz/sources/colorfx/regionstyles.cpp
index 2a48b71..2b322d1 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/colorfx/regionstyles.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/colorfx/regionstyles.cpp
@@ -20,17 +20,6 @@
 #include "tstencilcontrol.h"
 
 //***************************************************************************
-//    Local namesapce  stuff
-//***************************************************************************
-
-namespace
-{
-
-const double pi2 = TConsts::pi * 2.0;
-
-} // namespace
-
-//***************************************************************************
 //    MovingModifier  implementation
 //***************************************************************************
 
@@ -311,10 +300,10 @@ double ShadowStyle::getParamValue(TColorStyle::double_tag, int index) const
 	case 0:
 		degree = asin(m_shadowDirection.y);
 		if (m_shadowDirection.x < 0)
-			degree = TConsts::pi - degree;
+			degree = M_PI - degree;
 		if (degree < 0)
-			degree += pi2;
-		return degree * TConsts::invOf_pi_180;
+			degree += M_2PI;
+		return degree * M_180_PI;
 
 	case 1:
 		return m_density;
@@ -336,7 +325,7 @@ void ShadowStyle::setParamValue(int index, double value)
 
 	switch (index) {
 	case 0:
-		degree = value * TConsts::pi_180;
+		degree = value * M_PI_180;
 		m_shadowDirection.x = cos(degree);
 		m_shadowDirection.y = sin(degree);
 		break;
@@ -703,12 +692,12 @@ double ShadowStyle2::getParamValue(TColorStyle::double_tag, int index) const
 
 	double degree = asin(m_shadowDirection.y);
 	if (m_shadowDirection.x < 0)
-		degree = TConsts::pi - degree;
+		degree = M_PI - degree;
 
 	if (degree < 0)
-		degree += pi2;
+		degree += M_2PI;
 
-	return degree * TConsts::invOf_pi_180;
+	return degree * M_180_PI;
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -740,7 +729,7 @@ void ShadowStyle2::setParamValue(int index, double value)
 	if (index == 1) {
 		m_shadowLength = value;
 	} else {
-		double degree = value * TConsts::pi_180;
+		double degree = value * M_PI_180;
 		m_shadowDirection.x = cos(degree);
 		m_shadowDirection.y = sin(degree);
 	}
@@ -1323,10 +1312,10 @@ double TPointShadowFillStyle::getParamValue(TColorStyle::double_tag, int index) 
 	case 0:
 		degree = asin(m_shadowDirection.y);
 		if (m_shadowDirection.x < 0)
-			degree = TConsts::pi - degree;
+			degree = M_PI - degree;
 		if (degree < 0)
-			degree += pi2;
-		return degree * TConsts::invOf_pi_180;
+			degree += M_2PI;
+		return degree * M_180_PI;
 
 	case 1:
 		return m_density;
@@ -1352,7 +1341,7 @@ void TPointShadowFillStyle::setParamValue(int index, double value)
 
 	switch (index) {
 	case 0:
-		degree = value * TConsts::pi_180;
+		degree = value * M_PI_180;
 		m_shadowDirection.x = cos(degree);
 		m_shadowDirection.y = sin(degree);
 
@@ -2284,7 +2273,7 @@ void ArtisticModifier::modify(TRegionOutline &outline) const
 			}
 			double wave = 1;
 			if (maxcounter)
-				wave = sin(pi2 * counter / maxcounter);
+				wave = sin(M_2PI * counter / maxcounter);
 
 			pIt->x += m_move.x * wave;
 			pIt->y += m_move.y * wave;
diff --git a/toonz/sources/colorfx/strokestyles.cpp b/toonz/sources/colorfx/strokestyles.cpp
index 1668d67..1274f33 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/colorfx/strokestyles.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/colorfx/strokestyles.cpp
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ inline void tglVertex(const T3DPointD &p)
 TFurStrokeStyle::TFurStrokeStyle()
 	: m_color(TPixel32::Black), m_angle(120.0), m_length(1.0), m_cs(0.0), m_sn(0.0)
 {
-	double rad = TConsts::pi_180 * m_angle;
+	double rad = m_angle * M_PI_180;
 	m_cs = cos(rad);
 	m_sn = sin(rad);
 }
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ void TFurStrokeStyle::setParamValue(int index, double value)
 	assert(0 <= index && index < getParamCount());
 	if (index == 0) {
 		m_angle = value;
-		double rad = TConsts::pi_180 * m_angle;
+		double rad = m_angle * M_PI_180;
 		m_cs = cos(rad);
 		m_sn = sin(rad);
 	} else
@@ -209,7 +209,6 @@ void TFurStrokeStyle::setParamValue(int index, double value)
 
 void TFurStrokeStyle::drawStroke(TFlash &flash, const TStroke *stroke) const
 {
-	using TConsts::pi;
 	//TStroke *stroke = getStroke();
 	double length = stroke->getLength();
 
@@ -249,7 +248,6 @@ void TFurStrokeStyle::computeData(Points &positions,
 								  const TStroke *stroke,
 								  const TColorFunction *cf) const
 {
-	using TConsts::pi;
 	double length = stroke->getLength();
 
 	double s = 0.0;
@@ -2114,7 +2112,7 @@ void TBraidStrokeStyle::drawStroke(const TColorFunction *cf, const TStroke *stro
 	const double stripethickness = 0.3;
 	int period = (int)(101 - m_period) * 20;
 	double step = period / (double)ntick;
-	double freq = 2 * TConsts::pi / ntick;
+	double freq = M_2PI / ntick;
 	int swapcount = 0;
 	int count = 0;
 	bool firstRing = true;
@@ -2201,7 +2199,7 @@ void TBraidStrokeStyle::drawStroke(TFlash &flash, const TStroke *stroke) const
 	const double stripethickness = 0.3;
 	int period = (int)(101 - m_period) * 20;
 	double step = period / (double)ntick;
-	double freq = 2 * TConsts::pi / ntick;
+	double freq = M_2PI / ntick;
 	int swapcount = 0;
 	int count = 0;
 	bool firstRing = true;
@@ -3936,7 +3934,7 @@ void TTwirlStrokeStyle::computeData(Doubles &data, const TStroke *stroke, const 
 		} // non dovrebbe succedere mai, ma per prudenza....
 		u = normalize(u);
 		TPointD v = rotate90(u) * (pos.thick);
-		double shift = sin((TConsts::pi / hperiod) * s);
+		double shift = sin((M_PI / hperiod) * s);
 
 		app = pos + v * shift;
 		data.push_back(app.x);
@@ -4035,7 +4033,7 @@ void TTwirlStrokeStyle::drawStroke(TFlash &flash, const TStroke *stroke) const
 		} // non dovrebbe succedere mai, ma per prudenza....
 		u = normalize(u);
 		TPointD v = rotate90(u) * (pos.thick);
-		double shift = sin((TConsts::pi / hperiod) * s);
+		double shift = sin((M_PI / hperiod) * s);
 		points1.push_back(pos + v * shift);
 		points2.push_back(pos - v * shift);
 		blendval = get_inout_intensityslope(m_blend, 1.0 - m_blend, (s - ((int)(s / hperiod) * hperiod)) / hperiod);
@@ -5156,7 +5154,6 @@ void TFriezeStrokeStyle2::computeData(Points &positions,
 									  const TStroke *stroke,
 									  const TColorFunction *cf) const
 {
-	using TConsts::pi;
 	//TStroke *stroke = getStroke();
 	double length = stroke->getLength();
 
@@ -5185,10 +5182,10 @@ void TFriezeStrokeStyle2::computeData(Points &positions,
 		double thickness = pos.thick; // 5; //(1-t)*40 + t * 10;
 
 		if (thickness > 0) {
-			double omega = pi * 2 / (thickness * 2);
+			double omega = M_PI / thickness;
 
 			double q = 0.5 * (1 - cos(phi));
-			double theta = pi * 0.5 - pi * m_parameter * q;
+			double theta = M_PI_2 - M_PI * m_parameter * q;
 			double r = thickness * sin(phi);
 			double r1 = r * thick;
 			double costheta = cos(theta);
@@ -5241,7 +5238,6 @@ void TFriezeStrokeStyle2::drawStroke(const TColorFunction *cf, Points &positions
 
 void TFriezeStrokeStyle2::drawStroke(TFlash &flash, const TStroke *stroke) const
 {
-	using TConsts::pi;
 	//TStroke *stroke = getStroke();
 	double length = stroke->getLength();
 
@@ -5265,10 +5261,10 @@ void TFriezeStrokeStyle2::drawStroke(TFlash &flash, const TStroke *stroke) const
 		double thickness = pos.thick; // 5; //(1-t)*40 + t * 10;
 
 		if (thickness > 0) {
-			double omega = pi * 2 / (thickness * 2);
+			double omega = M_PI / thickness;
 
 			double q = 0.5 * (1 - cos(phi));
-			double theta = pi * 0.5 - pi * m_parameter * q;
+			double theta = M_PI_2 - M_PI * m_parameter * q;
 			double r = thickness * sin(phi);
 			double r1 = r * thick;
 			double costheta = cos(theta);
diff --git a/toonz/sources/common/tcore/tmathutil.cpp b/toonz/sources/common/tcore/tmathutil.cpp
index 342520a..fa3a429 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/common/tcore/tmathutil.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/common/tcore/tmathutil.cpp
@@ -552,8 +552,8 @@ int rootForCubicEquation(const std::vector<double> &p, std::vector<double> &sol)
 		double Q_sqrt = sqrt(Q);
 		double theta = acos(R / (Q * Q_sqrt));
 		sol.push_back(-2 * Q_sqrt * cos(theta * inv_3) - a * inv_3);
-		sol.push_back(-2 * Q_sqrt * cos((theta - TConsts::pi * 2.0) * inv_3) - a * inv_3);
-		sol.push_back(-2 * Q_sqrt * cos((theta + TConsts::pi * 2.0) * inv_3) - a * inv_3);
+		sol.push_back(-2 * Q_sqrt * cos((theta - M_2PI) * inv_3) - a * inv_3);
+		sol.push_back(-2 * Q_sqrt * cos((theta + M_2PI) * inv_3) - a * inv_3);
 		std::sort(sol.begin(), sol.end());
 		return 3;
 	}
@@ -893,8 +893,8 @@ double cubicRoot(double a, double b, double c, double d)
 		double root[3];
 		root[0] = root[1] = root[2] = -2.0 * sqrt(Q);
 		root[0] *= cos(theta / 3.0);
-		root[1] *= cos((theta + 2 * TConsts::pi) / 3.0);
-		root[2] *= cos((theta - 2 * TConsts::pi) / 3.0);
+		root[1] *= cos((theta + M_2PI) / 3.0);
+		root[2] *= cos((theta - M_2PI) / 3.0);
 		root[0] -= b / 3.0;
 		root[1] -= b / 3.0;
 		root[2] -= b / 3.0;
diff --git a/toonz/sources/common/tgeometry/tcurveutil.cpp b/toonz/sources/common/tgeometry/tcurveutil.cpp
index 7a1fcd7..a08e6c2 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/common/tgeometry/tcurveutil.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/common/tgeometry/tcurveutil.cpp
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ double computeStep(const TQuadratic &quad, double pixelSize)
   */
 
 	if (A_len > 0)
-		step = TConsts::sqrt2 * sqrt(pixelSize / A_len);
+		step = sqrt(2 * pixelSize / A_len);
 
 	return step;
 }
diff --git a/toonz/sources/common/tgeometry/tgeometry.cpp b/toonz/sources/common/tgeometry/tgeometry.cpp
index 2cec8e1..e2f742b 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/common/tgeometry/tgeometry.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/common/tgeometry/tgeometry.cpp
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ TRotation::TRotation(double degrees)
 			break;
 		}
 	} else {
-		rad = degrees * (TConsts::pi_180);
+		rad = degrees * M_PI_180;
 		sn = sin(rad);
 		cs = cos(rad);
 		if (sn == 1 || sn == -1)
diff --git a/toonz/sources/common/tgl/tgl.cpp b/toonz/sources/common/tgl/tgl.cpp
index a4489b8..5c14d5d 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/common/tgl/tgl.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/common/tgl/tgl.cpp
@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ int computeSlices(double radius, double pixelSize = 1.0)
 	if (fabs(1.0 - temp) <= 1)
 		thetaStep = acos(1.0 - temp);
 	else
-		thetaStep = TConsts::pi_2 * 0.5;
+		thetaStep = M_PI_4;
 
 	assert(thetaStep != 0.0);
 
-	int numberOfSlices = (int)(2.0 * TConsts::pi / thetaStep);
+	int numberOfSlices = (int)(M_2PI / thetaStep);
 
 	return numberOfSlices != 0 ? numberOfSlices : 2;
 }
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ void tglDrawCircle(const TPointD &center, double radius)
 	if (slices <= 0)
 		slices = computeSlices(radius, pixelSize) >> 1;
 
-	double step = TConsts::pi / slices;
+	double step = M_PI / slices;
 	double step2 = 2.0 * step;
 
 	double
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ void tglDrawCircle(const TPointD &center, double radius)
 
 	cos_t = radius /* *1.0*/;
 	sin_t = 0.0;
-	for (t = 0; t + step < TConsts::pi_2; t += step2) {
+	for (t = 0; t + step < M_PI_2; t += step2) {
 		cos_ts = radius * cos(t + step);
 		sin_ts = radius * sin(t + step);
 
diff --git a/toonz/sources/common/trop/terodilate.cpp b/toonz/sources/common/trop/terodilate.cpp
index 519e0a2..e80f69a 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/common/trop/terodilate.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/common/trop/terodilate.cpp
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ void erodilate_quarters(int lx, int ly,
 						double radius, double shift, Func func)
 {
 	double sqRadius = sq(radius);
-	double squareHeight = radius / tcg::consts::sqrt2;
+	double squareHeight = radius * M_SQRT1_2;
 	int squareHeightI = tfloor(squareHeight);
 
 	// For every arc point
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ void circular_erodilate(const TRasterPT<Pix> &src, const TRasterPT<Pix> &dst, do
 	bool dilate = (radius >= 0.0);
 	radius = fabs(radius);
 
-	double inner_square_diameter = radius * tcg::consts::sqrt2;
+	double inner_square_diameter = radius * M_SQRT2;
 
 	double shift = 0.25 * inner_square_diameter; // Shift of the bent square SE needed to avoid
 												 // touching the circumference on the other side
diff --git a/toonz/sources/common/trop/tfracmove.cpp b/toonz/sources/common/trop/tfracmove.cpp
index 06e2a80..813da9e 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/common/trop/tfracmove.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/common/trop/tfracmove.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace
 
 inline double gauss(double x, double y, double x0, double y0, double s)
 {
-	return exp(-((x - x0) * (x - x0) + (y - y0) * (y - y0)) / s) / (s * TConsts::pi);
+	return exp(-((x - x0) * (x - x0) + (y - y0) * (y - y0)) / s) / (s * M_PI);
 }
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/toonz/sources/common/trop/tresample.cpp b/toonz/sources/common/trop/tresample.cpp
index 155e5a4..28b211a 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/common/trop/tresample.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/common/trop/tresample.cpp
@@ -159,12 +159,12 @@ inline TINT32 Double2Int(double val)
 
 inline double sinc0(double x, int a)
 {
-	return sin((pi / (a)) * (x)) / ((pi / (a)) * (x));
+	return sin((M_PI / (a)) * (x)) / ((M_PI / (a)) * (x));
 }
 
 inline double sinc(double x, int a)
 {
-	return (x) == 0.0 ? 1.0 : sin((pi / (a)) * (x)) / ((pi / (a)) * (x));
+	return (x) == 0.0 ? 1.0 : sin((M_PI / (a)) * (x)) / ((M_PI / (a)) * (x));
 }
 
 inline UCHAR TO8BIT(float X)
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ static inline double flt_hann2(double x)
 	if (x <= -2.0)
 		return 0.0;
 	if (x < 2.0)
-		return sinc(x, 1) * (0.5 + 0.5 * cos((pi / 2) * x));
+		return sinc(x, 1) * (0.5 + 0.5 * cos(M_PI_2 * x));
 	return 0.0;
 }
 
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ static inline double flt_hann3(double x)
 	if (x <= -3.0)
 		return 0.0;
 	if (x < 3.0)
-		return sinc(x, 1) * (0.5 + 0.5 * cos((pi / 3) * x));
+		return sinc(x, 1) * (0.5 + 0.5 * cos(M_PI_3 * x));
 	return 0.0;
 }
 
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ static inline double flt_hamming2(double x)
 	if (x <= -2.0)
 		return 0.0;
 	if (x < 2.0)
-		return sinc(x, 1) * (0.54 + 0.46 * cos((pi / 2) * x));
+		return sinc(x, 1) * (0.54 + 0.46 * cos(M_PI_2 * x));
 	return 0.0;
 }
 
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ static inline double flt_hamming3(double x)
 	if (x <= -3.0)
 		return 0.0;
 	if (x < 3.0)
-		return sinc(x, 1) * (0.54 + 0.46 * cos((pi / 3) * x));
+		return sinc(x, 1) * (0.54 + 0.46 * cos(M_PI_3 * x));
 	return 0.0;
 }
 
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ static inline double flt_gauss(double x)
 	if (x <= -2.0)
 		return 0.0;
 	if (x < 2.0)
-		return exp((-pi) * x * x);
+		return exp(-M_PI * x * x);
 	return 0.0; /* exp(-M_PI*2*2)~=3.5*10^-6 */
 }
 
@@ -1100,25 +1100,25 @@ inline double get_filter_value(TRop::ResampleFilterType flt_type, double x)
 	case TRop::Hann2:
 		if (x <= -2.0) return 0.0;
 		if (x < 2.0)
-			return sinc0(x, 1) * (0.5 + 0.5 * cos((pi / 2) * x));
+			return sinc0(x, 1) * (0.5 + 0.5 * cos(M_PI_2 * x));
 		break;
 
 	case TRop::Hann3:
 		if (x <= -3.0) return 0.0;
 		if (x < 3.0)
-			return sinc0(x, 1) * (0.5 + 0.5 * cos((pi / 3) * x));
+			return sinc0(x, 1) * (0.5 + 0.5 * cos(M_PI_3 * x));
 		break;
 
 	case TRop::Hamming2:
 		if (x <= -2.0) return 0.0;
 		if (x < 2.0)
-			return sinc0(x, 1) * (0.54 + 0.46 * cos((pi / 2) * x));
+			return sinc0(x, 1) * (0.54 + 0.46 * cos(M_PI_2 * x));
 		break;
 
 	case TRop::Hamming3:
 		if (x <= -3.0) return 0.0;
 		if (x < 3.0)
-			return sinc0(x, 1) * (0.54 + 0.46 * cos((pi / 3) * x));
+			return sinc0(x, 1) * (0.54 + 0.46 * cos(M_PI_3 * x));
 		break;
 
 	case TRop::Lanczos2:
@@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ inline double get_filter_value(TRop::ResampleFilterType flt_type, double x)
 	case TRop::Gauss:
 		if (x <= -2.0) return 0.0;
 		if (x < 2.0)
-			return exp((-pi) * x * x); /* exp(-M_PI*2*2)~=3.5*10^-6 */
+			return exp(-M_PI * x * x); /* exp(-M_PI*2*2)~=3.5*10^-6 */
 		break;
 	default:
 		assert(!"bad filter type");
diff --git a/toonz/sources/common/tsound/tsop.cpp b/toonz/sources/common/tsound/tsop.cpp
index 0d30987..1a1ede2 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/common/tsound/tsop.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/common/tsound/tsop.cpp
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ typedef struct
 
 //---------------------------------------------------------
 
-#define M_PIF ((float)TConsts::pi)
-#define SINC0(x, a) (sin((TConsts::pi / (a)) * (x)) / ((TConsts::pi / (a)) * (x)))
+#define M_PIF float(M_PI)
+#define SINC0(x, a) (sin((M_PI / (a)) * (x)) / ((M_PI / (a)) * (x)))
 #define SINC0F(x, a) (sinf((M_PIF / (a)) * (x)) / ((M_PIF / (a)) * (x)))
 #define SINC(x, a) ((x) == 0.0 ? 1.0 : SINC0(x, a))
 #define SINCF(x, a) ((x) == 0.0F ? 1.0F : SINC0F(x, a))
@@ -190,22 +190,22 @@ double filterValue(FLT_TYPE flt_type, double x)
 
 	case FLT_HANN2:
 		if (x <= -2.0) result = 0.0;
-		else if (x < 2.0) result = SINC0(x, 1) * (0.5 + 0.5 * cos((TConsts::pi_2)*x));
+		else if (x < 2.0) result = SINC0(x, 1) * (0.5 + 0.5 * cos(M_PI_2 * x));
 		break;
 
 	case FLT_HANN3:
 		if (x <= -3.0) result = 0.0;
-		else if (x < 3.0) result = SINC0(x, 1) * (0.5 + 0.5 * cos((TConsts::pi / 3) * x));
+		else if (x < 3.0) result = SINC0(x, 1) * (0.5 + 0.5 * cos((M_PI / 3) * x));
 		break;
 
 	case FLT_HAMMING2:
 		if (x <= -2.0) result = 0.0;
-		else if (x < 2.0) result = SINC0(x, 1) * (0.54 + 0.46 * cos((TConsts::pi_2)*x));
+		else if (x < 2.0) result = SINC0(x, 1) * (0.54 + 0.46 * cos(M_PI_2 * x));
 		break;
 
 	case FLT_HAMMING3:
 		if (x <= -3.0) result = 0.0;
-		else if (x < 3.0) result = SINC0(x, 1) * (0.54 + 0.46 * cos((TConsts::pi / 3) * x));
+		else if (x < 3.0) result = SINC0(x, 1) * (0.54 + 0.46 * cos((M_PI / 3) * x));
 		break;
 
 	case FLT_LANCZOS2:
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ double filterValue(FLT_TYPE flt_type, double x)
 
 	case FLT_GAUSS:
 		if (x <= -2.0) result = 0.0;
-		else if (x < 2.0) result = exp((-TConsts::pi) * x * x);
+		else if (x < 2.0) result = exp((-M_PI) * x * x);
 		/* exp(-M_PI*2*2)~=3.5*10^-6 */
 		break;
 
diff --git a/toonz/sources/common/tunit/tunit.cpp b/toonz/sources/common/tunit/tunit.cpp
index 89bddd7..5328ab6 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/common/tunit/tunit.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/common/tunit/tunit.cpp
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ class TangentConverter : public TUnitConverter
 public:
 	TangentConverter() {}
 	TUnitConverter *clone() const { return new TangentConverter(*this); }
-	double convertTo(double v) const { return 180.0 * atan(v) / TConsts::pi; }
-	double convertFrom(double v) const { return tan(TConsts::pi * v / 180.0); }
+	double convertTo(double v) const { return atan(v) * (M_1_PI * 180.0); }
+	double convertFrom(double v) const { return tan(v * M_PI_180); }
 };
 
 //===================================================================
diff --git a/toonz/sources/common/tvectorimage/outlineApproximation.cpp b/toonz/sources/common/tvectorimage/outlineApproximation.cpp
index bca5425..98973f3 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/common/tvectorimage/outlineApproximation.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/common/tvectorimage/outlineApproximation.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ double localComputeStep(const TQuadratic &quad, double pixelSize)
 
 	double A_len = norm(A);
 	if (A_len > 0)
-		step = TConsts::sqrt2 * sqrt(pixelSize / A_len);
+		step = sqrt(2 * pixelSize / A_len);
 
 	return step;
 }
diff --git a/toonz/sources/common/tvectorimage/tcomputeregions.cpp b/toonz/sources/common/tvectorimage/tcomputeregions.cpp
index d569352..514aa4d 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/common/tvectorimage/tcomputeregions.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/common/tvectorimage/tcomputeregions.cpp
@@ -1082,8 +1082,8 @@ inline void insertBranch(Intersection &in, IntersectedStroke &item, bool getting
 
 double getAngle(const TPointD &p0, const TPointD &p1)
 {
-	double angle1 = 180 * atan2(p0.x, p0.y) / TConsts::pi;
-	double angle2 = 180 * atan2(p1.x, p1.y) / TConsts::pi;
+	double angle1 = atan2(p0.x, p0.y) * M_180_PI;
+	double angle2 = atan2(p1.x, p1.y) * M_180_PI;
 
 	if (angle1 < 0)
 		angle1 = 360 + angle1;
diff --git a/toonz/sources/common/tvectorimage/tstroke.cpp b/toonz/sources/common/tvectorimage/tstroke.cpp
index 0b70afc..1ac2a34 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/common/tvectorimage/tstroke.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/common/tvectorimage/tstroke.cpp
@@ -3150,7 +3150,7 @@ void splitStroke(const TStroke &tq,
 
 void detectCorners(const TStroke *stroke, double minDegree, std::vector<int> &corners)
 {
-	const double minSin = fabs(sin(minDegree * TConsts::pi_180));
+	const double minSin = fabs(sin(minDegree * M_PI_180));
 
 	const TThickQuadratic *quad1 = 0;
 	const TThickQuadratic *quad2 = 0;
@@ -3575,11 +3575,11 @@ void computeQuadraticsFromCubic(const TThickCubic &cubic,
 					double cs2 = sq(tmp) / (4 * norm2_side0p * norm2_side3p);
 					//assert (0 <= cs2 && cs2 <= 1 + TConsts::epsilon);
 					assert(areAlmostEqual(tsign(cs_sign) * sqrt(cs2), tmp / (2 * sqrt(norm2_side0p) * sqrt(norm2_side3p))));
-					assert(!(cs_sign < 0) || acos(-sqrt(cs2)) > 10 * TConsts::pi_180); //  cs_sign < 0 => acos(-sqrt(cs2)) > 10°
+					assert(!(cs_sign < 0) || acos(-sqrt(cs2)) > 10 * M_PI_180); //  cs_sign < 0 => acos(-sqrt(cs2)) > 10°
 					if (cs_sign < 0 || cs2 < 0.969846)								   //  cos(10°)^2 = 0.969846
 					{																   //  limita distanza di intersection: elimina quadratiche "cappio" (con p1 "lontano")
-						//assert (acos(tsign(cs_sign)*sqrt(cs2)) > 10*TConsts::pi_180);
-						assert(tsign(cs_sign) * sqrt(cs2) < cos(10 * TConsts::pi_180));
+						//assert (acos(tsign(cs_sign)*sqrt(cs2)) > 10*M_PI_180);
+						assert(tsign(cs_sign) * sqrt(cs2) < cos(10 * M_PI_180));
 						TPointD intersection = p0 + t01 * (p1 - p0);																//  = p2 + t32*(p2 - p3)
 						TThickPoint p(intersection.x, intersection.y, 0.5 * (cubic.getThickP1().thick + cubic.getThickP2().thick)); //  compatibilita' precedente funzione
 						chunkArray.push_back(new TThickQuadratic(cubic.getThickP0(), p, cubic.getThickP3()));
diff --git a/toonz/sources/common/tvrender/tellipticbrush.cpp b/toonz/sources/common/tvrender/tellipticbrush.cpp
index 7b6f7df..521fed9 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/common/tvrender/tellipticbrush.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/common/tvrender/tellipticbrush.cpp
@@ -903,14 +903,12 @@ void tellipticbrush::OutlineBuilder::addRoundSideCaps(
 
 		//The only dangerous case is when the directions are near-opposed
 		if (prevD * nextD < 0) {
-			const double twice_pi = 2 * TConsts::pi;
-
 			//Here, we must make one angle its (sign-opposite) 2*pi complement.
 			//Keep the angle with the least fabs (smallest 'butterfly intersection')
 			if (fabs(totAngleL) < fabs(totAngleR))
-				totAngleR = (totAngleR > 0) ? totAngleR - twice_pi : totAngleR + twice_pi;
+				totAngleR = (totAngleR > 0) ? totAngleR - M_2PI : totAngleR + M_2PI;
 			else
-				totAngleL = (totAngleL > 0) ? totAngleL - twice_pi : totAngleL + twice_pi;
+				totAngleL = (totAngleL > 0) ? totAngleL - M_2PI : totAngleL + M_2PI;
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/toonz/sources/common/tvrender/tinbetween.cpp b/toonz/sources/common/tvrender/tinbetween.cpp
index d6443ad..b788ca1 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/common/tvrender/tinbetween.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/common/tvrender/tinbetween.cpp
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ void eraseSmallAngles(std::vector<std::pair<int, double>> &corners, double angle
 void detectCorners(const TStroke *stroke, double minDegree,
 				   std::vector<std::pair<int, double>> &corners, double &min, double &max)
 {
-	const double minSin = fabs(sin(minDegree * TConsts::pi_180));
+	const double minSin = fabs(sin(minDegree * M_PI_180));
 	double angle, vectorialProduct, metaCornerLen, partialLen;
 
 	UINT quadCount1 = stroke->getChunkCount();
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ void detectCorners(const TStroke *stroke, double minDegree,
 			vectorialProduct = fabs(cross(tan1, tan2));
 
 			if (tan1 * tan2 < 0) {
-				angle = 180 - asin(tcrop(vectorialProduct, -1.0, 1.0)) * TConsts::invOf_pi_180;
+				angle = 180 - asin(tcrop(vectorialProduct, -1.0, 1.0)) * M_180_PI;
 				corners.push_back(std::make_pair(j, angle));
 
 				//------------------------------------------
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ void detectCorners(const TStroke *stroke, double minDegree,
 				if (max < angle)
 					max = angle;
 			} else if (vectorialProduct >= minSin) {
-				angle = asin(tcrop(vectorialProduct, -1.0, 1.0)) * TConsts::invOf_pi_180;
+				angle = asin(tcrop(vectorialProduct, -1.0, 1.0)) * M_180_PI;
 				corners.push_back(std::make_pair(j, angle));
 
 				//------------------------------------------
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ void detectCorners(const TStroke *stroke, double minDegree,
 				vectorialProduct = fabs(cross(tan1, tan2));
 
 				if (tan1 * tan2 < 0) {
-					angle = 180 - asin(tcrop(vectorialProduct, -1.0, 1.0)) * TConsts::invOf_pi_180;
+					angle = 180 - asin(tcrop(vectorialProduct, -1.0, 1.0)) * M_180_PI;
 
 					metaCornerLen = ratioLen * (stroke->getChunk(j - 1)->getLength() + stroke->getChunk(j)->getLength());
 					partialLen = 0;
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ void detectCorners(const TStroke *stroke, double minDegree,
 						tan2 = normalize(tan2);
 
 						vectorialProduct = fabs(cross(tan1, tan2));
-						double nearAngle = asin(tcrop(vectorialProduct, -1.0, 1.0)) * TConsts::invOf_pi_180;
+						double nearAngle = asin(tcrop(vectorialProduct, -1.0, 1.0)) * M_180_PI;
 						if (tan1 * tan2 < 0)
 							nearAngle = 180 - nearAngle;
 
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ void detectCorners(const TStroke *stroke, double minDegree,
 							tan2 = normalize(tan2);
 
 							vectorialProduct = fabs(cross(tan1, tan2));
-							double nearAngle = asin(tcrop(vectorialProduct, -1.0, 1.0)) * TConsts::invOf_pi_180;
+							double nearAngle = asin(tcrop(vectorialProduct, -1.0, 1.0)) * M_180_PI;
 							if (tan1 * tan2 < 0)
 								nearAngle = 180 - nearAngle;
 
@@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@ void TInbetween::Imp::computeTransformation()
 					totalRadRotation += radRotation;
 				}
 				totalRadRotation /= (cornerSize - 1);
-				transform.m_rotation = TConsts::invOf_pi_180 * totalRadRotation;
+				transform.m_rotation = totalRadRotation * M_180_PI;
 
 				if (isAlmostZero(transform.m_rotation, 2)) {
 					transform.m_rotation = 0.0;
diff --git a/toonz/sources/common/tvrender/tstrokedeformations.cpp b/toonz/sources/common/tvrender/tstrokedeformations.cpp
index 0a36b5a..8223821 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/common/tvrender/tstrokedeformations.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/common/tvrender/tstrokedeformations.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ struct bowlPotential {
 		if (radiusToTest > m_radiusOuter)
 			return 0.0;
 
-		return 0.5 * (1.0 + cos((radiusToTest - m_radiusInner) / (m_radiusOuter - m_radiusInner) * TConsts::pi));
+		return 0.5 * (1.0 + cos((radiusToTest - m_radiusInner) / (m_radiusOuter - m_radiusInner) * M_PI));
 	}
 
 	virtual double gradient(double radiusToTest)
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ struct bowlPotential {
 		if (radiusToTest <= m_radiusInner || radiusToTest > m_radiusOuter)
 			return 0.0;
 
-		double den = TConsts::pi / (m_radiusOuter - m_radiusInner);
+		double den = M_PI / (m_radiusOuter - m_radiusInner);
 
 		return -0.5 * den * sin(den * (radiusToTest - m_radiusInner));
 	}
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ double TStrokeBenderDeformation::getDelta(const TStroke &s, double w) const
 	double totalLenght = s.getLength();
 
 	if (totalLenght != 0) {
-		double val = s.getLength(w) / totalLenght * TConsts::pi * 10.0;
+		double val = s.getLength(w) / totalLenght * (M_PI * 10.0);
 
 		return sin(val);
 	}
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ double TStrokeTwirlDeformation::getDelta(const TStroke &stroke, double s) const
     
     if(totalLenght != 0)
     {
-      double val =  stroke.getLength(s)/totalLenght * TConsts::pi *11.0;
+      double val =  stroke.getLength(s)/totalLenght * (M_PI * 11.0);
       
       return sin(val);
     }
diff --git a/toonz/sources/common/tvrender/tstrokeutil.cpp b/toonz/sources/common/tvrender/tstrokeutil.cpp
index 2465dde..fbbfd44 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/common/tvrender/tstrokeutil.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/common/tvrender/tstrokeutil.cpp
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ void detectEdges(const std::vector<TPointD> &pointArray, std::vector<UINT> &edge
 	const double dMin2 = dMin * dMin;
 	const double dMax2 = dMax * dMax;
 	std::vector<double> sharpnessArray;
-	sharpnessArray.push_back(TConsts::pi); //  il primo punto e' un corner
+	sharpnessArray.push_back(M_PI); //  il primo punto e' un corner
 	int nodeCount;
 	for (nodeCount = 1; nodeCount < size - 1; ++nodeCount) { //  scorre la sharpPointArray escludendo gli estremi
 		sharpnessArray.push_back(0);
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ void detectEdges(const std::vector<TPointD> &pointArray, std::vector<UINT> &edge
 				if (alpha > alphaMax)
 					continue;
 
-				double sharpness = TConsts::pi - alpha;
+				double sharpness = M_PI - alpha;
 
 				if (sharpnessArray[nodeCount] < sharpness)
 					sharpnessArray[nodeCount] = sharpness;
diff --git a/toonz/sources/include/tcg/consts.h b/toonz/sources/include/tcg/consts.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 284d5d1..0000000
--- a/toonz/sources/include/tcg/consts.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-
-
-#ifndef TCG_CONSTS_H
-#define TCG_CONSTS_H
-
-/*!
-  \file   consts.h
-
-  \brief  This file contains several useful constants to be used with tcg.
-*/
-
-//*************************************************************************************
-//    TCG  Constants
-//*************************************************************************************
-
-namespace tcg
-{
-
-//! Contains several useful constants to be used with tcg.
-namespace consts
-{
-
-const double pi = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795;	  //!< The Pi constant.
-const double pi_half = 1.5707963267948966192313216916398; //!< Half of Pi.
-const double pi_3half = 3.0 * pi_half;					  //!< Three halves of Pi.
-const double pi_twice = 2.0 * pi;						  //!< Twice Pi.
-
-const double rad_to_deg = 180.0 / pi; //!< Radians to degrees factor.
-const double deg_to_rad = pi / 180.0; //!< Degrees to radians factor.
-
-const double sqrt2 = 1.4142135623730950488016887242097;		 //!< Square root of 2.
-const double sqrt2_half = 0.7071067811865475244008443621048; //!< Half of the square root of 2.
-}
-} // namespace tcg::consts
-
-#endif // TCG_CONSTS_H
diff --git a/toonz/sources/include/tcg/point_ops.h b/toonz/sources/include/tcg/point_ops.h
index 73f232a..bd246e3 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/include/tcg/point_ops.h
+++ b/toonz/sources/include/tcg/point_ops.h
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 
 // tcg includes
 #include "point.h"
-#include "consts.h"
 #include "numeric_ops.h"
 
 /*!
@@ -308,7 +307,7 @@ inline typename point_traits<Point>::value_type rad(const Point &p)
 template <typename Point>
 inline typename point_traits<Point>::value_type angle(const Point &v1, const Point &v2)
 {
-	return numeric_ops::mod<typename point_traits<Point>::value_type>(rad(v2) - rad(v1), -consts::pi, consts::pi);
+	return numeric_ops::mod<typename point_traits<Point>::value_type>(rad(v2) - rad(v1), -M_PI, M_PI);
 }
 
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/toonz/sources/include/tcg/tcg_misc.h b/toonz/sources/include/tcg/tcg_misc.h
index 7c1abb2..2e0cd2e 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/include/tcg/tcg_misc.h
+++ b/toonz/sources/include/tcg/tcg_misc.h
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 */
 
 // tcg includes
-#include "consts.h"
 #include "numeric_ops.h"
 #include "poly_ops.h"
 #include "point_ops.h"
diff --git a/toonz/sources/include/tcommon.h b/toonz/sources/include/tcommon.h
index 7ad3e4c..d4cc969 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/include/tcommon.h
+++ b/toonz/sources/include/tcommon.h
@@ -63,18 +63,17 @@ int nanosleep(struct timespec *, int);
 #include <map>
 // .. and so on
 
-/* the value of pi defined in IRIX-math.h is not defined neither in WIN32-math.h nor elsewhere */
 namespace TConsts
 {
-const double pi = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795;
-const double pi_2 = 1.5707963267948966192313216916398;
 const double epsilon = 1e-8;
-const double sqrt2 = 1.4142135623730950488016887242097;
-const double sqrt2_2 = 0.7071067811865475244008443621048;
-const double pi_180 = pi / 180.0;
-const double invOf_pi_180 = 180.0 / pi;
 }
 
+// use macros insted of constexprs, because MSVC2013 does not support `constexpr`.
+#define M_PI_3 (M_PI / 3)
+#define M_PI_180 (M_PI_4 / 45)
+#define M_180_PI (90 * M_2_PI)
+#define M_2PI (2 * M_PI)
+
 // typedef's
 
 #include "tnztypes.h"
diff --git a/toonz/sources/include/tutil.h b/toonz/sources/include/tutil.h
index 8127391..f0e0044 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/include/tutil.h
+++ b/toonz/sources/include/tutil.h
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ inline int intGE(double x)
  */
 inline double rad2degree(double rad)
 {
-	return rad * TConsts::invOf_pi_180;
+	return rad * M_180_PI;
 }
 
 //! convert degree to radiant
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ inline double rad2degree(double rad)
  */
 inline double degree2rad(double degree)
 {
-	return degree * TConsts::pi_180;
+	return degree * M_PI_180;
 }
 
 //! Sign of argument.
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/colorembossfx.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/colorembossfx.cpp
index 916f8b0..e7537db 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/colorembossfx.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/colorembossfx.cpp
@@ -174,9 +174,9 @@ void ColorEmbossFx::doCompute(TTile &tile, double frame, const TRenderSettings &
 	double scale = sqrt(fabs(ri.m_affine.det()));
 	double radius = m_radius->getValue(frame) * scale;
 	double direction = m_direction->getValue(frame);
-	double elevation = (m_elevation->getValue(frame)) * TConsts::pi / 180;
+	double elevation = (m_elevation->getValue(frame)) * M_PI_180;
 	double intensity = m_intensity->getValue(frame);
-	double azimuth = direction * TConsts::pi / 180;
+	double azimuth = direction * M_PI_180;
 
 	int border = radius + 1;
 	TRasterP srcRas = tile.getRaster()->create(tile.getRaster()->getLx() + border * 2, tile.getRaster()->getLy() + border * 2);
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/embossfx.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/embossfx.cpp
index aa928e4..677ee0b 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/embossfx.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/embossfx.cpp
@@ -159,9 +159,9 @@ void EmbossFx::doCompute(TTile &tile, double frame, const TRenderSettings &ri)
 	double scale = sqrt(fabs(ri.m_affine.det()));
 	double radius = tcrop(m_radius->getValue(frame), min, max) * scale;
 	double direction = (m_direction->getValue(frame));
-	double elevation = (m_elevation->getValue(frame)) * TConsts::pi / 180;
+	double elevation = (m_elevation->getValue(frame)) * M_PI_180;
 	double intensity = m_intensity->getValue(frame);
-	double azimuth = direction * TConsts::pi / 180;
+	double azimuth = direction * M_PI_180;
 
 	//NOTE: This enlargement is perhaps needed in the calculation of the fx - but no output will
 	//be generated for it - so there is no trace of it in the doGetBBox function...
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/igs_attenuation_distribution.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/igs_attenuation_distribution.cpp
index fe574e1..3a725bb 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/igs_attenuation_distribution.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/igs_attenuation_distribution.cpp
@@ -4,13 +4,10 @@
 
 namespace
 {
-#ifndef M_PI /* for vc2005 */
-#define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846
-#endif
 bool inside_polygon_(
 	double radius, int odd_diameter, double xp, double yp, int polygon_num, double degree)
 {
-	double radian = degree * M_PI / 180.0,
+	double radian = degree * (M_PI / 180),
 		   add_radian = 2.0 * M_PI / polygon_num,
 		   x1 = 0, y1 = 0, x2, y2,
 		   xa = -odd_diameter,
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/igs_line_blur.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/igs_line_blur.cpp
index 7bb7ad4..d35ea8b 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/igs_line_blur.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/igs_line_blur.cpp
@@ -1160,7 +1160,7 @@ double calculator_geometry::get_d_radian(double d_xv, double d_yv)
 	}
 	/* 第2象限 (第1象限に置き換えて... 0 <= angle < 90) */
 	else if ((d_xv <= 0.0) && (0.0 < d_yv)) {
-		d_radian = atan(-d_xv / d_yv) + M_PI / 2.0;
+		d_radian = atan(-d_xv / d_yv) + M_PI_2;
 	}
 	/* 第3象限 (第1象限に置き換えて... 0 <= angle < 90) */
 	else if ((d_xv < 0.0) && (d_yv <= 0.0)) {
@@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ double calculator_geometry::get_d_radian(double d_xv, double d_yv)
 	}
 	/* 第4象限 (第1象限に置き換えて... 0 <= angle < 90) */
 	else if ((0.0 <= d_xv) && (d_yv < 0.0)) {
-		d_radian = atan(d_xv / -d_yv) + M_PI + M_PI / 2.0;
+		d_radian = atan(d_xv / -d_yv) + M_PI + M_PI_2;
 	}
 	return d_radian;
 }
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/igs_maxmin_lens_matrix.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/igs_maxmin_lens_matrix.cpp
index 57ce7da..8ddd637 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/igs_maxmin_lens_matrix.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/igs_maxmin_lens_matrix.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ bool inside_polygon_(
 	if (polygon_number < 3) { /* equal less than 2  is circle */
 		return true;
 	}
-	double radian = roll_degree * M_PI / 180.0, add_radian = 2.0 * M_PI / polygon_number;
+	double radian = roll_degree * (M_PI / 180), add_radian = 2.0 * M_PI / polygon_number;
 	double x1 = radius * cos(radian), y1 = radius * sin(radian), x2 = 0, y2 = 0, xa = odd_diameter, xb = odd_diameter;
 	radian += add_radian;
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ double length_to_polygon_(
 	/* 多角形の辺の2点 */
 	double x1 = 0.0, y1 = 0.0, x2 = 0.0, y2 = 0.0;
 	const double add_radian = 2.0 * M_PI / polygon_number;
-	double radian1 = roll_degree * M_PI / 180.0;
+	double radian1 = roll_degree * (M_PI / 180);
 	/* rad1だとMS-VC++_v10でエラー!!! */
 	while (radian1 < 0.0) {
 		radian1 += add_radian;
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/iwa_directionalblurfx.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/iwa_directionalblurfx.cpp
index 1933935..28937b8 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/iwa_directionalblurfx.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/iwa_directionalblurfx.cpp
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ void Iwa_DirectionalBlurFx::doCompute(TTile &tile,
 	}
 
 	TPointD blurVector;
-	double angle = m_angle->getValue(frame) * (TConsts::pi / 180);
+	double angle = m_angle->getValue(frame) * M_PI_180;
 	double intensity = m_intensity->getValue(frame);
 	bool bidirectional = m_bidirectional->getValue();
 
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ bool Iwa_DirectionalBlurFx::doGetBBox(double frame,
 		return ret;
 
 	TPointD blur;
-	double angle = m_angle->getValue(frame) * (TConsts::pi / 180);
+	double angle = m_angle->getValue(frame) * M_PI_180;
 	double intensity = m_intensity->getValue(frame);
 	bool bidirectional = m_bidirectional->getValue();
 
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/iwa_particles.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/iwa_particles.cpp
index 2dfb369..1e42396 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/iwa_particles.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/iwa_particles.cpp
@@ -389,11 +389,11 @@ void Iwa_Particle::update_Swing(const particles_values &values,
 
 	if (values.swingmode_val == Iwa_TiledParticlesFx::SWING_SMOOTH) {
 		if (smperiodx)
-			dummy.x = smswingx * randomxreference * sin((TConsts::pi * changesignx) / smperiodx);
+			dummy.x = smswingx * randomxreference * sin((M_PI * changesignx) / smperiodx);
 		else
 			dummy.x = 0;
 		if (smperiody)
-			dummy.y = smswingy * randomyreference * sin((TConsts::pi * changesigny) / smperiody);
+			dummy.y = smswingy * randomyreference * sin((M_PI * changesigny) / smperiody);
 		else
 			dummy.y = 0;
 	} else {
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ void Iwa_Particle::update_Swing(const particles_values &values,
 
 	if (values.rotswingmode_val == Iwa_TiledParticlesFx::SWING_SMOOTH) {
 		if (smperioda)
-			dummy.a = smswinga * sin((TConsts::pi * changesigna) / smperioda);
+			dummy.a = smswinga * sin((M_PI * changesigna) / smperioda);
 		else
 			dummy.a = 0;
 	} else
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/iwa_particlesengine.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/iwa_particlesengine.cpp
index af1eb33..4d545c4 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/iwa_particlesengine.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/iwa_particlesengine.cpp
@@ -516,10 +516,10 @@ void Iwa_Particles_Engine::normalize_values(struct particles_values &values,
 	(values.trailopacity_val.second) = (values.trailopacity_val.second) * 0.01;
 	(values.mblur_val) = (values.mblur_val) * 0.01;
 	(values.friction_val) = -(values.friction_val) * 0.01;
-	(values.windangle_val) = (values.windangle_val) * (TConsts::pi / 180);
-	(values.g_angle_val) = (values.g_angle_val + 180) * (TConsts::pi / 180);
-	(values.speeda_val.first) = (values.speeda_val.first) * (TConsts::pi / 180);
-	(values.speeda_val.second) = (values.speeda_val.second) * (TConsts::pi / 180);
+	(values.windangle_val) = (values.windangle_val) * M_PI_180;
+	(values.g_angle_val) = (values.g_angle_val + 180) * M_PI_180;
+	(values.speeda_val.first) = (values.speeda_val.first) * M_PI_180;
+	(values.speeda_val.second) = (values.speeda_val.second) * M_PI_180;
 	if (values.step_val < 1)
 		values.step_val = 1;
 	values.genfadecol_val = (values.genfadecol_val) * 0.01;
@@ -527,8 +527,8 @@ void Iwa_Particles_Engine::normalize_values(struct particles_values &values,
 	values.foutfadecol_val = (values.foutfadecol_val) * 0.01;
 	(values.curl_val) = (values.curl_val) * dpicorr * 0.1;
 	/*- ひらひら粒子に照明を当てる normalize_values()内で Degree → Radian 化する -*/
-	(values.iw_light_theta_val) = (values.iw_light_theta_val) * (TConsts::pi / 180);
-	(values.iw_light_phi_val) = (values.iw_light_phi_val) * (TConsts::pi / 180);
+	(values.iw_light_theta_val) = (values.iw_light_theta_val) * M_PI_180;
+	(values.iw_light_phi_val) = (values.iw_light_phi_val) * M_PI_180;
 	/*- 読み込みマージン -*/
 	(values.margin_val) = (values.margin_val) * dpicorr;
 }
@@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ void Iwa_Particles_Engine::do_render(TFlash *flash,
 	double aim_angle = 0;
 	if (values.pathaim_val) {
 		float arctan = atan2f(part->vy, part->vx);
-		aim_angle = (180 / TConsts::pi) * arctan;
+		aim_angle = arctan * M_180_PI;
 	}
 
 	/*- 粒子の回転、スケールをアフィン行列に入れる -*/
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/iwa_pnperspectivefx.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/iwa_pnperspectivefx.cpp
index ead3506..c7e0d43 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/iwa_pnperspectivefx.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/iwa_pnperspectivefx.cpp
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ void Iwa_PNPerspectiveFx::getPNParameters(TTile &tile, double frame,
 					 (double)camHeight * aff_pn.a22);
 	params.fy_2 = sqrtf(vec_p0p1.x * vec_p0p1.x + vec_p0p1.y * vec_p0p1.y) / 2.0f;
 
-	float fov_radian_2 = (fov / 2.0f) * M_PI / 180.0f;
+	float fov_radian_2 = (fov / 2.0f) * float(M_PI_180);
 
 	/* カメラから投影面への距離 */
 	float D = params.fy_2 / tanf(fov_radian_2);
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/kaleido.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/kaleido.cpp
index bd915b9..f79887e 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/kaleido.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/kaleido.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ int KaleidoDistorter::invMap(const TPointD &p, TPointD *results) const
 	// Build p's angular position
 	double qAngle = atan2(q.y, q.x);
 	if (qAngle < 0.0)
-		qAngle += 2.0 * TConsts::pi;
+		qAngle += 2.0 * M_PI;
 
 	assert(qAngle >= 0.0);
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ private:
 void KaleidoFx::buildSectionRect(TRectD &inRect, double angle)
 {
 	inRect.y0 = std::max(inRect.y0, 0.0);
-	if (angle <= TConsts::pi_2) {
+	if (angle <= M_PI_2) {
 		inRect.x0 = std::max(inRect.x0, 0.0);
 		inRect.y1 = std::min(inRect.y1, inRect.x1 * tan(angle));
 	}
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ TAffine KaleidoFx::buildInputReference(
 	const TRectD &outRect, const TRenderSettings &outInfo)
 {
 	double scale = fabs(sqrt(outInfo.m_affine.det()));
-	double angle = TConsts::pi / m_count->getValue();
+	double angle = M_PI / m_count->getValue();
 
 	inInfo.m_affine = TRotation(-m_angle->getValue(frame) - angle) *
 					  TScale(scale).place(m_center->getValue(frame), TPointD());
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ bool KaleidoFx::doGetBBox(double frame, TRectD &bBox, const TRenderSettings &inf
 	if (!m_input.getFx())
 		return false;
 
-	double angle = TConsts::pi / m_count->getValue();
+	double angle = M_PI / m_count->getValue();
 
 	TRenderSettings inInfo(info);
 	inInfo.m_affine = TRotation(-m_angle->getValue(frame) - angle) *
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ void KaleidoFx::doCompute(TTile &tile, double frame, const TRenderSettings &info
 	m_input->allocateAndCompute(inTile, inRect.getP00(), inDim, tile.getRaster(), frame, inInfo);
 
 	// Now, perform kaleido
-	double angle = TConsts::pi / m_count->getValue();
+	double angle = M_PI / m_count->getValue();
 	KaleidoDistorter distorter(angle, outRefToInRef, -inRect.getP00());
 
 	TRasterP inRas(inTile.getRaster());
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/linearwavefx.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/linearwavefx.cpp
index 38fa6c7..2c7ac6c 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/linearwavefx.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/linearwavefx.cpp
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ public:
 		double w_amplitude = m_amplitude->getValue(frame) / info.m_shrinkX;
 		double w_freq = m_frequency->getValue(frame) * info.m_shrinkX;
 		double w_phase = m_phase->getValue(frame);
-		w_freq = (w_freq * 0.01 * TConsts::pi) / 180;
+		w_freq *= 0.01 * M_PI_180;
 		double angle = -m_angle->getValue(frame);
 
 		//The warper is calculated on a standard reference, with fixed dpi. This makes sure
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/motionblurfx.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/motionblurfx.cpp
index 08d6a21..53d637b 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/motionblurfx.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/motionblurfx.cpp
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ bool DirectionalBlurBaseFx::doGetBBox(double frame, TRectD &bBox, const TRenderS
 			if (m_isMotionBlur)
 				blur = getBlurVector(frame);
 			else {
-				double angle = m_angle->getValue(frame) * (TConsts::pi / 180);
+				double angle = m_angle->getValue(frame) * M_PI_180;
 				blur.x = m_intensity->getValue(frame) * cos(angle);
 				blur.y = m_intensity->getValue(frame) * sin(angle);
 			}
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ void DirectionalBlurBaseFx::doCompute(TTile &tile, double frame, const TRenderSe
 	if (m_isMotionBlur) {
 		blurVector = getBlurVector(frame);
 	} else {
-		double angle = m_angle->getValue(frame) * (TConsts::pi / 180);
+		double angle = m_angle->getValue(frame) * M_PI_180;
 		blurVector.x = m_intensity->getValue(frame) * cos(angle);
 		blurVector.y = m_intensity->getValue(frame) * sin(angle);
 	}
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ int DirectionalBlurBaseFx::getMemoryRequirement(const TRectD &rect, double frame
 	if (m_isMotionBlur) {
 		blurVector = getBlurVector(frame);
 	} else {
-		double angle = m_angle->getValue(frame) * (TConsts::pi / 180);
+		double angle = m_angle->getValue(frame) * M_PI_180;
 		blurVector.x = m_intensity->getValue(frame) * cos(angle);
 		blurVector.y = m_intensity->getValue(frame) * sin(angle);
 	}
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/noisefx.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/noisefx.cpp
index 3740c34..08dc87b 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/noisefx.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/noisefx.cpp
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ public:
 			sigma = 257.0 * 2.0 * sigma * sigma * sigma * sigma;
 		for (int i = 0; i < PIXEL::maxChannelValue + 1; i++) {
 			noise_buf[i] = sigma * sqrt(-log(1.0 - random.getFloat())) *
-						   cos(TConsts::pi * (2.0 * random.getFloat() - 1.0));
+						   cos(M_PI * (2.0 * random.getFloat() - 1.0));
 		}
 	}
 	double get_value(int index)
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/particles.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/particles.cpp
index 8c9aa84..94fe794 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/particles.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/particles.cpp
@@ -399,11 +399,11 @@ void Particle::update_Swing(const particles_values &values,
 
 	if (values.swingmode_val == ParticlesFx::SWING_SMOOTH) {
 		if (smperiodx)
-			dummy.x = smswingx * randomxreference * sin((TConsts::pi * changesignx) / smperiodx);
+			dummy.x = smswingx * randomxreference * sin((M_PI * changesignx) / smperiodx);
 		else
 			dummy.x = 0;
 		if (smperiody)
-			dummy.y = smswingy * randomyreference * sin((TConsts::pi * changesigny) / smperiody);
+			dummy.y = smswingy * randomyreference * sin((M_PI * changesigny) / smperiody);
 		else
 			dummy.y = 0;
 	} else {
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ void Particle::update_Swing(const particles_values &values,
 
 	if (values.rotswingmode_val == ParticlesFx::SWING_SMOOTH) {
 		if (smperioda)
-			dummy.a = smswinga * sin((TConsts::pi * changesigna) / smperioda);
+			dummy.a = smswinga * sin((M_PI * changesigna) / smperioda);
 		else
 			dummy.a = 0;
 	} else
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/particlesengine.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/particlesengine.cpp
index f9dc779..ef0e7f3 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/particlesengine.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/particlesengine.cpp
@@ -370,10 +370,10 @@ void Particles_Engine::normalize_values(struct particles_values &values,
 	(values.trailopacity_val.second) = (values.trailopacity_val.second) * 0.01;
 	(values.mblur_val) = (values.mblur_val) * 0.01;
 	(values.friction_val) = -(values.friction_val) * 0.01;
-	(values.windangle_val) = (values.windangle_val) * (TConsts::pi / 180);
-	(values.g_angle_val) = (values.g_angle_val + 180) * (TConsts::pi / 180);
-	(values.speeda_val.first) = (values.speeda_val.first) * (TConsts::pi / 180);
-	(values.speeda_val.second) = (values.speeda_val.second) * (TConsts::pi / 180);
+	(values.windangle_val) = (values.windangle_val) * M_PI_180;
+	(values.g_angle_val) = (values.g_angle_val + 180) * M_PI_180;
+	(values.speeda_val.first) = (values.speeda_val.first) * M_PI_180;
+	(values.speeda_val.second) = (values.speeda_val.second) * M_PI_180;
 	if (values.step_val < 1)
 		values.step_val = 1;
 	values.genfadecol_val = (values.genfadecol_val) * 0.01;
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ void Particles_Engine::do_render(TFlash *flash, Particle *part, TTile *tile,
 	double aim_angle = 0;
 	if (values.pathaim_val) {
 		double arctan = atan2(part->vy, part->vx);
-		aim_angle = (180 / TConsts::pi) * arctan;
+		aim_angle = arctan * M_180_PI;
 	}
 
 	// Calculate the rotational and scale components we have to apply on the particle
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/radialblurfx.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/radialblurfx.cpp
index 56dd6e6..02dd87f 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/radialblurfx.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/radialblurfx.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public:
 		double radius = m_radius->getValue(frame) * scale;
 		double blur = m_blur->getValue(frame);
 
-		double intensity = blur * (TConsts::pi / 180);
+		double intensity = blur * M_PI_180;
 
 		TPointD p1 = bBox.getP00() - point;
 		TPointD p2 = bBox.getP01() - point;
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ void doRadialBlur(const TRasterPT<PIXEL> rout, const TRasterPT<PIXEL> rin, doubl
 	double CROP_VAL = (double)MAX_CHANNEL_VALUE;
 	CHANNEL_TYPE U_CROP_VAL = MAX_CHANNEL_VALUE;
 
-	double intensity = blur * (TConsts::pi / 180);
+	double intensity = blur * M_PI_180;
 
 	/*-出力サイズの画面の中の、ブラーのセンター位置-*/
 	int cx = lx / 2 + dx;
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/rotationalblurfx.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/rotationalblurfx.cpp
index b359511..6b2a34a 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/rotationalblurfx.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/rotationalblurfx.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public:
 		double radius = m_radius->getValue(frame) * scale;
 		double blur = 0.001 * m_blur->getValue(frame) / scale;
 
-		double intensity = blur * (TConsts::pi / 180);
+		double intensity = blur * M_PI_180;
 
 		TPointD p1 = bBox.getP00() - point;
 		TPointD p2 = bBox.getP01() - point;
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ public:
 			blurangle = intensity * ((dist - radius));
 		else
 			blurangle = 0;
-		if (blurangle > TConsts::pi)
-			blurangle = TConsts::pi;
+		if (blurangle > M_PI)
+			blurangle = M_PI;
 		return tround(4 * blurangle * dist);
 	}
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ void doSpinBlur(const TRasterPT<PIXEL> rout, const TRasterPT<PIXEL> rin, double 
 	double CROP_VAL = (double)MAX_CHANNEL_VALUE;
 	CHANNEL_TYPE U_CROP_VAL = MAX_CHANNEL_VALUE;
 
-	double intensity = blur * (TConsts::pi / 180);
+	double intensity = blur * M_PI_180;
 	int cx = lx / 2 + dx;
 	int cy = ly / 2 + dy;
 
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ void doSpinBlur(const TRasterPT<PIXEL> rout, const TRasterPT<PIXEL> rin, double 
 				blurangle = intensity * ((dist - radius));
 			else
 				blurangle = 0;
-			if (blurangle > TConsts::pi)
-				blurangle = TConsts::pi;
+			if (blurangle > M_PI)
+				blurangle = M_PI;
 			range = (int)(4 * blurangle * dist);
 			if (range >= 1) {
 				angle = atan2((double)vy, (double)vx) - blurangle;
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/stdfx.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/stdfx.cpp
index 4f46264..8ee234b 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/stdfx.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/stdfx.cpp
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ void LinearGradientFx::doCompute(TTile &tile, double frame, const TRenderSetting
 	double w_amplitude = m_wave_amplitude->getValue(frame) / ri.m_shrinkX;
 	double w_freq = m_wave_freq->getValue(frame) * ri.m_shrinkX;
 	double w_phase = m_wave_phase->getValue(frame);
-	w_freq = (w_freq * 0.01 * TConsts::pi) / 180;
+	w_freq *= 0.01 * M_PI_180;
 
 	TSpectrum::ColorKey colors[] = {
 		TSpectrum::ColorKey(0, m_color1->getValue(frame)),
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ void MultiLinearGradientFx::doCompute(TTile &tile, double frame, const TRenderSe
 	double w_amplitude = m_wave_amplitude->getValue(frame) / ri.m_shrinkX;
 	double w_freq = m_wave_freq->getValue(frame) * ri.m_shrinkX;
 	double w_phase = m_wave_phase->getValue(frame);
-	w_freq = (w_freq * 0.01 * TConsts::pi) / 180;
+	w_freq *= 0.01 * M_PI_180;
 
 	TAffine aff = ri.m_affine.inv();
 	TPointD posTrasf = aff * tile.m_pos;
diff --git a/toonz/sources/stdfx/targetspotfx.cpp b/toonz/sources/stdfx/targetspotfx.cpp
index 3135d91..4168153 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/stdfx/targetspotfx.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/stdfx/targetspotfx.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ void doTargetSpot(const TRasterPT<PIXEL> &ras, TPixel32 m_color0, double sizex, 
 	double normx = 1 / sizex;
 	double normy = 1 / sizey;
 	double reference = 5 * z;
-	angle = (TConsts::pi * angle) / 180;
+	angle = angle * M_PI_180;
 	double ttan;
 	ttan = tan(angle);
 
diff --git a/toonz/sources/tnzext/ExtUtil.cpp b/toonz/sources/tnzext/ExtUtil.cpp
index a8b8942..bb71f39 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/tnzext/ExtUtil.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/tnzext/ExtUtil.cpp
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ degree2cos(int degree)
 		degree == 270)
 		return 0.0;
 
-	return cos(degree * TConsts::pi_180);
+	return cos(degree * M_PI_180);
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/toonz/sources/tnzext/plasticskeletondeformation.cpp b/toonz/sources/tnzext/plasticskeletondeformation.cpp
index cbe7506..15ed8ca 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/tnzext/plasticskeletondeformation.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/tnzext/plasticskeletondeformation.cpp
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ double buildAngle(const PlasticSkeleton &skeleton, int v)
 		dir = vxParent.P() - vxGrandParent.P();
 	}
 
-	return tcg::consts::rad_to_deg * tcg::point_ops::angle(dir, vx.P() - vxParent.P());
+	return tcg::point_ops::angle(dir, vx.P() - vxParent.P()) * M_180_PI;
 }
 
 } // namespace
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ void PlasticSkeletonDeformation::Imp::updateBranchPositions(
 		// Now, rebuild vx's position
 		const SkVD &vd = m_vds.find(dvx.name())->m_vd;
 
-		double a = tcg::consts::rad_to_deg * tcg::point_ops::angle(oDir, ovxPos - ovxParentPos);
+		double a = tcg::point_ops::angle(oDir, ovxPos - ovxParentPos) * M_180_PI;
 		double d = tcg::point_ops::dist(ovxParentPos, ovxPos);
 
 		double aDelta = vd.m_params[SkVD::ANGLE]->getValue(frame);
@@ -1022,7 +1022,7 @@ void PlasticSkeletonDeformation::updatePosition(
 	// NOTE: The following aDelta calculation should be done as a true difference - this is still ok and spares
 	// access to v's grandParent...
 
-	double aDelta = tcg::consts::rad_to_deg * tcg::point_ops::angle(vPos - vParentPos, pos - vParentPos),
+	double aDelta = tcg::point_ops::angle(vPos - vParentPos, pos - vParentPos) * M_180_PI,
 		   dDelta = tcg::point_ops::dist(vParentPos, pos) - tcg::point_ops::dist(vParentPos, vPos),
 
 		   a = tcrop(vd.m_params[SkVD::ANGLE]->getValue(frame) + aDelta, vx.m_minAngle, vx.m_maxAngle),
@@ -1049,7 +1049,7 @@ void PlasticSkeletonDeformation::updateAngle(
 
 	SkVD &vd = m_imp->m_vds.find(vx.name())->m_vd;
 
-	double aDelta = tcg::consts::rad_to_deg * tcg::point_ops::angle(vx.P() - vParentPos, pos - vParentPos),
+	double aDelta = tcg::point_ops::angle(vx.P() - vParentPos, pos - vParentPos) * M_180_PI,
 		   a = tcrop(vd.m_params[SkVD::ANGLE]->getValue(frame) + aDelta, vx.m_minAngle, vx.m_maxAngle);
 
 	vd.m_params[SkVD::ANGLE]->setValue(frame, a);
@@ -1277,7 +1277,7 @@ void PlasticSkeletonDeformation::loadData_prerelease(TIStream &is)
 				// Now, rebuild vx's position
 				SkVD &vd = sd.m_imp->m_vds.find(vx.name())->m_vd;
 
-				double a = tcg::consts::rad_to_deg * tcg::point_ops::angle(dir, vxPos - vxParentPos);
+				double a = tcg::point_ops::angle(dir, vxPos - vxParentPos) * M_180_PI;
 				double d = tcg::point_ops::dist(vxParentPos, vxPos);
 
 				{
diff --git a/toonz/sources/tnztools/edittool.cpp b/toonz/sources/tnztools/edittool.cpp
index 5e17f1a..e16294f 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/tnztools/edittool.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/tnztools/edittool.cpp
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ public:
 		if (a2 < eps || b2 < eps)
 			return;
 
-		double dang = 180 * asin(cross(a, b) / sqrt(a2 * b2)) / TConsts::pi;
+		double dang = asin(cross(a, b) / sqrt(a2 * b2)) * M_180_PI;
 		setValue(getValue(0) + dang);
 	}
 };
diff --git a/toonz/sources/tnztools/edittoolgadgets.cpp b/toonz/sources/tnztools/edittoolgadgets.cpp
index 161352a..c5a9028 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/tnztools/edittoolgadgets.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/tnztools/edittoolgadgets.cpp
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ void AngleFxGadget::leftButtonDrag(const TPointD &pos, const TMouseEvent &)
 {
 	TPointD d = pos - m_pos;
 	double phi = atan2(d.y, d.x);
-	setValue(m_param, TConsts::invOf_pi_180 * phi);
+	setValue(m_param, phi * M_180_PI);
 }
 
 //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ public:
 		glPopName();
 
 		if (isSelected()) {
-			double phiRad = TConsts::pi_180 * phi;
+			double phiRad = phi * M_PI_180;
 			TPointD toolTipPos = m_pos + r * TPointD(cos(phiRad), sin(phiRad));
 			drawTooltip(toolTipPos, getLabel());
 		}
@@ -895,7 +895,7 @@ public:
 		TPointD d = pos - m_pos;
 		double phi = atan2(d.y, d.x);
 		double length = norm(d);
-		setValue(m_phiParam, TConsts::invOf_pi_180 * phi);
+		setValue(m_phiParam, phi * M_180_PI);
 		setValue(m_lengthParam, length);
 	}
 	void leftButtonUp(const TPointD &pos, const TMouseEvent &) {}
diff --git a/toonz/sources/tnztools/geometrictool.cpp b/toonz/sources/tnztools/geometrictool.cpp
index ea2d1fa..7786194 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/tnztools/geometrictool.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/tnztools/geometrictool.cpp
@@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ void RectanglePrimitive::leftButtonDrag(const TPointD &realPos, const TMouseEven
 
 	TPointD pos;
 	if (e.isShiftPressed()) {
-		double distance = tdistance(realPos, m_startPoint) / TConsts::sqrt2;
+		double distance = tdistance(realPos, m_startPoint) * M_SQRT1_2;
 		pos.x = (realPos.x > m_startPoint.x) ? m_startPoint.x + distance
 											 : m_startPoint.x - distance;
 		pos.y = (realPos.y > m_startPoint.y) ? m_startPoint.y + distance
@@ -1845,7 +1845,7 @@ void EllipsePrimitive::leftButtonDrag(const TPointD &realPos, const TMouseEvent 
 
 	TPointD pos;
 	if (e.isShiftPressed()) {
-		double distance = tdistance(realPos, m_startPoint) / TConsts::sqrt2;
+		double distance = tdistance(realPos, m_startPoint) * M_SQRT1_2;
 		pos.x = (realPos.x > m_startPoint.x) ? m_startPoint.x + distance : m_startPoint.x - distance;
 		pos.y = (realPos.y > m_startPoint.y) ? m_startPoint.y + distance : m_startPoint.y - distance;
 	} else {
@@ -2086,8 +2086,8 @@ void PolygonPrimitive::draw()
 	if (edgeCount == 0)
 		return;
 
-	double angleDiff = TConsts::pi * 2.0 / edgeCount;
-	double angle = (3 * TConsts::pi + angleDiff) * 0.5;
+	double angleDiff = M_2PI / edgeCount;
+	double angle = (3 * M_PI + angleDiff) * 0.5;
 
 	glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
 	for (int i = 0; i < edgeCount; i++) {
@@ -2145,8 +2145,8 @@ TStroke *PolygonPrimitive::makeStroke() const
 	if (edgeCount == 0)
 		return 0;
 
-	double angleDiff = TConsts::pi * 2.0 / (double)edgeCount;
-	double angle = (3 * TConsts::pi + angleDiff) * 0.5;
+	double angleDiff = M_2PI / (double)edgeCount;
+	double angle = (3 * M_PI + angleDiff) * 0.5;
 
 	TStroke *stroke = 0;
 	if (m_param->m_targetType & TTool::Vectors) {
diff --git a/toonz/sources/tnztools/magnettool.cpp b/toonz/sources/tnztools/magnettool.cpp
index b464d0b..e09358a 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/tnztools/magnettool.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/tnztools/magnettool.cpp
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ inline  double computeStep(const TQuadratic& quad, double invOfPixelSize)
   
   TPointD A = quad.getP0() - 2.0*quad.getP1() + quad.getP2(); // 2*A is the acceleration of the curve
   double  A_len = norm(A);
-  if (A_len > 0)  step = TConsts::sqrt2 * sqrt(invOfPixelSize/A_len); 
+  if (A_len > 0)  step = sqrt(2 * invOfPixelSize / A_len); 
   
   return  step;
 }
diff --git a/toonz/sources/tnztools/plastictool.cpp b/toonz/sources/tnztools/plastictool.cpp
index 275e28e..b086785 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/tnztools/plastictool.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/tnztools/plastictool.cpp
@@ -2013,14 +2013,13 @@ void PlasticTool::drawAngleLimits(const SkDP &sd, int skelId, int v, double pixe
 
 			// Retrieve angular data
 			double angleShift = sd->vertexDeformation(skelId, v)->m_params[SkVD::ANGLE]->getValue(::frame());
-			double defaultAngleValue = tcg::consts::rad_to_deg * tcg::point_ops::angle(
-																	 dirFromGrandParent, dirFromParent);
+			double defaultAngleValue = tcg::point_ops::angle(dirFromGrandParent, dirFromParent) * M_180_PI;
 
 			// Convert to radians
 			double currentBranchAngle_rad = tcg::point_ops::rad(dirFromDeformedGrandParent);
 
-			double currentAngle_rad = currentBranchAngle_rad + tcg::consts::deg_to_rad * (angleShift + defaultAngleValue);
-			double limitDirection_rad = currentBranchAngle_rad + tcg::consts::deg_to_rad * (angleLimit + defaultAngleValue);
+			double currentAngle_rad = currentBranchAngle_rad + (angleShift + defaultAngleValue) * M_PI_180;
+			double limitDirection_rad = currentBranchAngle_rad + (angleLimit + defaultAngleValue) * M_PI_180;
 
 			glColor4ub(0, 0, 255, 128);
 
@@ -2038,7 +2037,7 @@ void PlasticTool::drawAngleLimits(const SkDP &sd, int skelId, int v, double pixe
 
 			// Draw limit annulus arc
 			angleLimit = tcrop(angleLimit, angleShift - 180.0, angleShift + 180.0);
-			limitDirection_rad = currentBranchAngle_rad + tcg::consts::deg_to_rad * (angleLimit + defaultAngleValue);
+			limitDirection_rad = currentBranchAngle_rad + (angleLimit + defaultAngleValue) * M_PI_180;
 
 			double radius = tcg::point_ops::dist(defVx.P(), defVxParent.P()) * 0.25;
 
diff --git a/toonz/sources/tnztools/selectiontool.cpp b/toonz/sources/tnztools/selectiontool.cpp
index bf2546f..cac0274 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/tnztools/selectiontool.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/tnztools/selectiontool.cpp
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ void DragSelectionTool::Rotation::leftButtonDrag(const TPointD &pos, const TMous
 	double scale = 1;
 	if (a2 <= epsilon || b2 <= epsilon)
 		return;
-	dang = -180 * asin(cross(a, b) / sqrt(a2 * b2)) / TConsts::pi;
+	dang = asin(cross(a, b) / sqrt(a2 * b2)) * -M_180_PI;
 	if (e.isShiftPressed()) {
 		m_dstAng += dang;
 		double ang = tfloor((int)(m_dstAng + 22.5), 45);
diff --git a/toonz/sources/tnztools/skeletonsubtools.cpp b/toonz/sources/tnztools/skeletonsubtools.cpp
index f7d309a..9590520 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/tnztools/skeletonsubtools.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/tnztools/skeletonsubtools.cpp
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ void DragRotationTool::leftButtonDrag(const TPointD &pos, const TMouseEvent &)
 	if (a2 < eps || b2 < eps)
 		return;
 
-	double dang = 180 * asin(cross(a, b) / sqrt(a2 * b2)) / TConsts::pi;
+	double dang = asin(cross(a, b) / sqrt(a2 * b2)) * M_180_PI;
 
 	if (m_snapped) {
 		if (fabs(dang) < 2)
@@ -923,7 +923,7 @@ void IKTool::setAngleOffsets()
 	int frame = TTool::getApplication()->getCurrentFrame()->getFrame();
 	for (int i = 0; i < (int)m_joints.size(); i++) {
 		double angle = m_joints[i].m_bone->getStageObject()->getParam(TStageObject::T_Angle, frame);
-		double theta0 = TConsts::pi_180 * angle;
+		double theta0 = angle * M_PI_180;
 		double theta1 = m_joints[i].m_sign * m_engine.getJointAngle(i);
 		m_joints[i].m_angleOffset = theta1 - theta0;
 	}
@@ -978,7 +978,7 @@ void IKTool::apply()
 		TStageObject *obj = m_joints[i].m_bone->getStageObject();
 		TDoubleParam *param = obj->getParam(TStageObject::T_Angle);
 		double theta = m_joints[i].m_sign * m_engine.getJointAngle(i) - m_joints[i].m_angleOffset;
-		theta *= TConsts::invOf_pi_180;
+		theta *= M_180_PI;
 		double oldTheta = param->getValue(frame);
 		double delta = theta - oldTheta;
 		if (fabs(delta) > 180)
diff --git a/toonz/sources/tnztools/vectorerasertool.cpp b/toonz/sources/tnztools/vectorerasertool.cpp
index dd7882c..eab4f46 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/tnztools/vectorerasertool.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/tnztools/vectorerasertool.cpp
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ void EraserTool::erase(TVectorImageP vi, const TPointD &pos)
 	std::vector<DoublePair> sortedWRanges;
 
 	std::vector<TStroke *> splitStrokes;
-	double rectEdge_2 = m_pointSize * TConsts::sqrt2_2;
+	double rectEdge_2 = m_pointSize * M_SQRT1_2;
 
 	//quadrato iscritto nella circonferenza
 	TRectD enrolledSquare(pos.x - rectEdge_2, pos.y - rectEdge_2, pos.x + rectEdge_2, pos.y + rectEdge_2);
diff --git a/toonz/sources/tnztools/viewtools.cpp b/toonz/sources/tnztools/viewtools.cpp
index aaa5230..e2726c1 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/tnztools/viewtools.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/tnztools/viewtools.cpp
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ public:
 			TPointD a = p - m_center;
 			TPointD b = m_oldPos - m_center;
 			if (norm2(a) > 0 && norm2(b) > 0) {
-				double ang = 180 * asin(cross(b, a) / (norm(a) * norm(b))) / TConsts::pi;
+				double ang = asin(cross(b, a) / (norm(a) * norm(b))) * M_180_PI;
 				m_angle = m_angle + ang;
 				m_viewer->rotate(m_center, m_angle);
 			}
diff --git a/toonz/sources/toonz/exportpanel.cpp b/toonz/sources/toonz/exportpanel.cpp
index dba53e9..83cf8c3 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/toonz/exportpanel.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/toonz/exportpanel.cpp
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ void RenderController::generateMovie(TFilePath outPath, bool emitSignal)
 					break;
 			}
 		}
-	} catch (TException &e) {
+	} catch (TException const&) {
 		QString msg;
 		msg = QObject::tr("There were problems loading the scene %1.\n Some files may be missing.").arg(QString::fromStdWString(fp.getWideString()));
 
diff --git a/toonz/sources/toonz/sceneviewer.cpp b/toonz/sources/toonz/sceneviewer.cpp
index b63769d..7a5b8d7 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/toonz/sceneviewer.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/toonz/sceneviewer.cpp
@@ -749,8 +749,8 @@ TPointD SceneViewer::winToWorld(const QPoint &pos) const
 
 		TPointD p(pp.x - m_pan3D.x, pp.y - m_pan3D.y);
 		p = p * (1 / m_zoomScale3D);
-		double theta = TConsts::pi * m_theta3D / 180.0;
-		double phi = TConsts::pi * m_phi3D / 180.0;
+		double theta = m_theta3D * M_PI_180;
+		double phi = m_phi3D * M_PI_180;
 		double cs_phi = cos(phi);
 		double sn_phi = sin(phi);
 		double cs_theta = cos(theta);
diff --git a/toonz/sources/toonz/xshcellviewer.cpp b/toonz/sources/toonz/xshcellviewer.cpp
index 95ddee8..1d499c5 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/toonz/xshcellviewer.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/toonz/xshcellviewer.cpp
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ void CellArea::drawCells(QPainter &p, const QRect toBeUpdated)
 	if (!cellSelection->isEmpty())
 		cellSelection->getSelectedCells(rS0, cS0, rS1, cS1);
 
-	int r0, r1, c0, c1; // range di righe e colonne visibili
+	int r0, r1, c0, c1; // range of visible rows and columns
 	r0 = m_viewer->yToRow(toBeUpdated.top());
 	r1 = m_viewer->yToRow(toBeUpdated.bottom());
 	c0 = m_viewer->xToColumn(toBeUpdated.left());
@@ -1419,7 +1419,7 @@ void CellArea::drawKeyframe(QPainter &p, const QRect toBeUpdated)
 
 void CellArea::drawNotes(QPainter &p, const QRect toBeUpdated)
 {
-	int r0, r1, c0, c1; // range di righe e colonne visibili
+	int r0, r1, c0, c1; // range of visible rows and columns
 	r0 = m_viewer->yToRow(toBeUpdated.top());
 	r1 = m_viewer->yToRow(toBeUpdated.bottom());
 	c0 = m_viewer->xToColumn(toBeUpdated.left());
diff --git a/toonz/sources/toonzfarm/tfarmcontroller/tfarmcontroller.cpp b/toonz/sources/toonzfarm/tfarmcontroller/tfarmcontroller.cpp
index c9b77f0..a827481 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/toonzfarm/tfarmcontroller/tfarmcontroller.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/toonzfarm/tfarmcontroller/tfarmcontroller.cpp
@@ -119,11 +119,6 @@ TFilePath getLocalRoot()
 			lroot = TFilePath(pathName);
 		}
 	}
-
-//TFilePath name = TFilePath("TFARMLOCALROOT");
-//char *s = getenv(toString(name.getWideString()).c_str());
-//lroot = TFilePath(s?s:"");
-
 #endif
 	return lroot;
 }
@@ -179,15 +174,6 @@ bool loadControllerData(QString &hostName, QString &addr, int &port)
 bool isAScript(TFarmTask *task)
 {
 	return false; //todo per gli script
-				  /*
-#ifdef _WIN32
-   return task->m_cmdline.contains(".bat");
-#else
-  return (task->m_cmdline.contains(".csh")|| 
-          task->m_cmdline.contains(".sh")|| 
-          task->m_cmdline.contains(".tcsh"))
-#endif   
-*/
 }
 
 } // anonymous namespace
@@ -1117,10 +1103,7 @@ CtrlFarmTask *FarmController::doAddTask(
 
 	if (suspended)
 		task->m_status = Suspended;
-	/*
-  else
-    tryToStartTask(task);
-*/
+
 	return task;
 }
 
@@ -1723,24 +1706,6 @@ void FarmController::getTasks(const QString &parentId, vector<TaskShortInfo> &ta
 		if (task->m_parentId == parentId)
 			tasks.push_back(TaskShortInfo(task->m_id, task->m_name, task->m_status));
 	}
-
-	/*
-  map<TaskId, CtrlFarmTask*>::iterator it = m_tasks.find(parentId);
-  if (it != m_tasks.end())
-  {
-    CtrlFarmTask *task = it->second;
-    vector<std::string>::iterator itSubTakId = task->m_subTasks.begin();
-    for ( ; itSubTakId != task->m_subTasks.end(); ++itSubTakId)
-    {
-      map<std::string, CtrlFarmTask*>::iterator itSubTask = m_tasks.find(*itSubTakId);
-      if (itSubTask != m_tasks.end())
-      {
-        CtrlFarmTask *subTask = itSubTask->second;
-        tasks.push_back(TaskShortInfo(*itSubTakId, subTask->m_name, subTask->m_status));
-      }
-    }
-  }
-*/
 }
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1868,21 +1833,9 @@ void FarmController::taskSubmissionError(const QString &taskId, int errCode)
 			server = itServer->second;
 
 		if (server) {
-			/*
-      string msg = "Task " + taskId + " completed on ";
-      msg += server->getHostName().c_str();
-      msg += "\n\n";
-      m_userLog->info(msg);
-      */
 			server->removeTask(taskId);
 		}
 
-		/*
-    if (parentTask && parentTask->m_status == Completed)
-    {
-      m_userLog->info("Task " + parentTask->m_id + " completed\n\n");
-    }
-*/
 		if (task->m_toBeDeleted)
 			delete task;
 		if (parentTask && parentTask->m_toBeDeleted)
@@ -2007,14 +1960,6 @@ void FarmController::taskCompleted(const QString &taskId, int exitCode)
 								break;
 							} else if (subTask->m_status == Aborted)
 								aSubTaskFailed = true;
-
-							/*
-              if (subTask->m_status == Running || subTask->m_status == Waiting)
-                parentTaskState = Running;
-              else
-              if (subTask->m_status == Aborted)
-                aSubTaskFailed = true;
-              */
 						}
 					}
 				} else
@@ -2354,11 +2299,6 @@ void ControllerService::onStart(int argc, char *argv[])
 	// Initialize thread components
 	TThread::init();
 
-	/*
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-  DebugBreak();
-#endif
-*/
 	if (isRunningAsConsoleApp()) {
 		// i messaggi verranno ridiretti sullo standard output
 		m_userLog = new TUserLog();
diff --git a/toonz/sources/toonzfarm/tfarmserver/tfarmserver.cpp b/toonz/sources/toonzfarm/tfarmserver/tfarmserver.cpp
index eaf02ed..c562d18 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/toonzfarm/tfarmserver/tfarmserver.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/toonzfarm/tfarmserver/tfarmserver.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 #include <string>
 #include <map>
-#include <strstream>
+#include <sstream>
 
 #include <QString>
 #include <QProcess>
@@ -129,14 +129,6 @@ TFilePath getLocalRoot()
 }
 
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------
-/*
-TFilePath getAppsCfgFilePath()
-{
-  TFilePath appsRoot = getLocalRoot();
-  return appsRoot + "config" + "apppath.cfg";
-}
-*/
-//--------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 TFilePath getBinRoot()
 {
@@ -148,19 +140,6 @@ TFilePath getBinRoot()
 }
 
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------
-/*
-string myGetHostName()
-{
-#ifdef _WIN32
-  return TSystem::getHostName();
-#else
-  char hostName[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
-  gethostname((char*)&hostName, MAXHOSTNAMELEN);
-  return hostName;
-#endif
-}
-*/
-//--------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 bool dirExists(const TFilePath &dirFp)
 {
@@ -516,39 +495,9 @@ FarmServer::~FarmServer()
 }
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-inline std::string toString(unsigned long value)
-{
-	std::ostrstream ss;
-	ss << value << '\0';
-	std::string s = ss.str();
-	ss.freeze(false);
-	return s;
-}
-
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-/*
-void FarmServer::setAppPaths(const vector<TFilePath> &appPaths)
-{
-  m_appPaths = appPaths;
-}
-*/
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 QString FarmServer::execute(const vector<QString> &argv)
 {
-	/*
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-  std::cout << endl << "executing " << argv[0].c_str() << endl << endl;
-#endif
-*/
-
 	if (argv.size() > 0) {
-		/*
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-    for (int i=0; i<argv.size(); ++i)
-      std::cout << argv[i] << " ";
-#endif
-*/
 		if (argv[0] == "addTask" && argv.size() == 3) {
 			//assert(!"Da fare");
 			int ret = addTask(argv[1], argv[2]);
@@ -801,26 +750,22 @@ bool loadServerData(const QString &hostname, QString &addr, int &port)
 	if (!is.good())
 		return false;
 	while (!is.eof()) {
-		/*
-    char line[256];
-    is.getline(line, 256);
-    */
 		std::string line = getLine(is);
-		std::istrstream iss(line.c_str());
+		std::istringstream iss(line);
 
-		char name[80];
-		char ipAddress[80];
+		std::string name;
+		std::string ipAddress;
 
 		iss >> name >> ipAddress >> port;
 		if (name[0] == '#')
 			continue;
 #if QT_VERSION >= 0x050500
-		if (STRICMP(hostname.toUtf8(), name) == 0)
+		if (STRICMP(hostname.toUtf8(), name.c_str()) == 0)
 #else
-		if (STRICMP(hostname.toAscii(), name) == 0)
+		if (STRICMP(hostname.toAscii(), name.c_str()) == 0)
 #endif
 		{
-			addr = QString(ipAddress);
+			addr = QString(ipAddress.c_str());
 			return true;
 		}
 	}
@@ -947,7 +892,7 @@ void FarmServerService::onStart(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	try {
 		m_farmServer->getController()->attachServer(TSystem::getHostName(), m_addr, m_port);
-	} catch (TException & /*e*/) {
+	} catch (TException const&) {
 	}
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
@@ -967,24 +912,6 @@ void FarmServerService::onStart(int argc, char *argv[])
 	// si assume che il path del folder del programma sia specificato
 	// nella variabile di sistema PATH
 
-	/*
-  vector<TFilePath> appPaths;
-  TFilePath appsCfgFile = getAppsCfgFilePath();
-
-  Tifstream isAppCfgFile(appsCfgFile);
-  if (!isAppCfgFile.good())
-    std::cout << "Error: " << appsCfgFile << endl;
-  while (!isAppCfgFile.eof())
-  {
-    std::string line = getLine(isAppCfgFile);
-    istrstream iss(line.c_str());
-    TFilePath appPath = TFilePath(line);
-    appPaths.push_back(appPath);
-  }
-
-  m_farmServer->setAppPaths(appPaths);
-  */
-
 	QEventLoop eventLoop;
 
 	//Connect the server's listening finished signal to main loop quit.
@@ -1034,7 +961,7 @@ void FarmServerService::onStart(int argc, char *argv[])
 	}
 
 	std::string msg("Exiting with code ");
-	msg += toString(ret);
+	msg += std::to_string(ret);
 	msg += "\n";
 	m_userLog->info(QString::fromStdString(msg));
 }
diff --git a/toonz/sources/toonzlib/autoclose.cpp b/toonz/sources/toonzlib/autoclose.cpp
index 8674ae9..8c2c13d 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/toonzlib/autoclose.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/toonzlib/autoclose.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public:
 
 	double m_csp, m_snp, m_csm, m_snm, m_csa, m_sna, m_csb, m_snb;
 
-	Imp(const TRasterP &r, int distance = 10, double angle = (180 * TConsts::pi) / 360.0, int index = 0, int opacity = 0)
+	Imp(const TRasterP &r, int distance = 10, double angle = M_PI_2, int index = 0, int opacity = 0)
 		: m_raster(r), m_spotAngle(angle), m_closingDistance(distance), m_inkIndex(index), m_opacity(opacity)
 	{
 	}
diff --git a/toonz/sources/toonzlib/autopos.cpp b/toonz/sources/toonzlib/autopos.cpp
index 54932e0..c6394b4 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/toonzlib/autopos.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/toonzlib/autopos.cpp
@@ -1505,10 +1505,10 @@ int get_image_rotation_and_center(const TRasterP &img, int strip_width,
 		switch (pegs_side) {
 		case PEGS_LEFT:
 		case PEGS_RIGHT:
-			angle += dy == 0.0 ? TConsts::pi_2 : atan(dx / dy);
+			angle += dy == 0.0 ? M_PI_2 : atan(dx / dy);
 			break;
 		default:
-			angle -= dx == 0.0 ? TConsts::pi_2 : atan(dy / dx);
+			angle -= dx == 0.0 ? M_PI_2 : atan(dy / dx);
 			break;
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/toonz/sources/toonzlib/tcleanupper.cpp b/toonz/sources/toonzlib/tcleanupper.cpp
index f9c259c..007738f 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/toonzlib/tcleanupper.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/toonzlib/tcleanupper.cpp
@@ -471,8 +471,8 @@ bool TCleanupper::getResampleValues(const TRasterImageP &image, TAffine &aff, do
 
 	// Build the image transform as deduced by the autocenter
 	if (m_parameters->m_autocenterType == AUTOCENTER_CTR && skew) {
-		pre_aff.a11 = cos(skew * TConsts::pi_180);
-		pre_aff.a21 = sin(skew * TConsts::pi_180);
+		pre_aff.a11 = cos(skew * M_PI_180);
+		pre_aff.a21 = sin(skew * M_PI_180);
 	}
 
 	aff = (TScale(scalex, scaley) * pre_aff) * TRotation(angle);
@@ -807,8 +807,8 @@ TRasterImageP TCleanupper::autocenterOnly(
 		autocentered = true;
 
 	if (m_parameters->m_autocenterType == AUTOCENTER_CTR && skew) {
-		aff.a11 = cos(skew * TConsts::pi_180);
-		aff.a21 = sin(skew * TConsts::pi_180);
+		aff.a11 = cos(skew * M_PI_180);
+		aff.a21 = sin(skew * M_PI_180);
 	}
 
 	aff = aff * TRotation(angle);
@@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ bool TCleanupper::doAutocenter(
 				&angle, &cx, &cy, &fdg_info.dots[0], fdg_info.dots.size())) {
 			return false;
 		} else {
-			angle *= TConsts::invOf_pi_180;
+			angle *= M_180_PI;
 			cxin = cx;
 			cyin = cy;
 			double dist = (double)mmToPixel(fdg_info.dist_ctr_to_ctr_hole, xdpi * scalex);
diff --git a/toonz/sources/toonzlib/tnewoutlinevectorize.cpp b/toonz/sources/toonzlib/tnewoutlinevectorize.cpp
index 1a1a006..6b015ea 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/toonzlib/tnewoutlinevectorize.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/toonzlib/tnewoutlinevectorize.cpp
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ class PolylineReader
 
 public:
 	PolylineReader(TVectorImageP vi, const NewOutlineConfiguration &conf)
-		: m_vi(vi), m_conf(conf), m_adherenceTol(2.0 * (1.0 - m_conf.m_adherenceTol)), m_angleTol(cos(TConsts::pi * m_conf.m_angleTol)), m_relativeTol(conf.m_relativeTol), m_mergeTol(m_conf.m_mergeTol) {}
+		: m_vi(vi), m_conf(conf), m_adherenceTol(2.0 * (1.0 - m_conf.m_adherenceTol)), m_angleTol(cos(M_PI * m_conf.m_angleTol)), m_relativeTol(conf.m_relativeTol), m_mergeTol(m_conf.m_mergeTol) {}
 
 	void setEvaluator(const RasterEdgeEvaluator<RanIt> *eval) { m_eval = eval; }
 
diff --git a/toonz/sources/toonzqt/swatchviewer.cpp b/toonz/sources/toonzqt/swatchviewer.cpp
index 765eb06..a99ec98 100644
--- a/toonz/sources/toonzqt/swatchviewer.cpp
+++ b/toonz/sources/toonzqt/swatchviewer.cpp
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ void SwatchViewer::updateRaster()
 		int len = tround(sqrt((double)(delta * delta)));
 		double phi = 0;
 		if (len > 0)
-			phi = 180 * atan2((double)delta.y, (double)delta.x) / TConsts::pi;
+			phi = atan2((double)delta.y, (double)delta.x) * M_180_PI;
 
 		if (len > 500) {
 			// puo' succedere per zoom molto grandi.